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con cuantas semanas se da de baja a un empleado

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StephenDella
18/08/2026, 13:07:13

Lo primero que hay que tener claro es que en España no existe un único plazo para dar de baja a un empleado. La respuesta depende del tipo de extinción del contrato y de lo que establezca el convenio colectivo aplicable.

Para un despido objetivo (por causas económicas, técnicas, organizativas o de producción), la ley exige un preaviso mínimo de 15 días (aproximadamente 2 semanas). Ese plazo se cuenta desde que el empresario entrega la carta de despido hasta que el contrato se extingue efectivamente. Si no se respeta, el empleado tiene derecho a una indemnización equivalente a los días de preaviso omitidos.

En despidos disciplinarios (por faltas graves o incumplimiento contractual) no existe obligación de preaviso; el cese puede ser inmediato.

En despidos colectivos (ERE), el preaviso es de 30 días y debe acompañarse de un período de consultas con los representantes de los trabajadores.

Para bajas voluntarias (renuncia del empleado), el Estatuto de los Trabajadores fija un preaviso de 15 días, aunque muchos convenios amplían ese plazo a 30 días.

Aquí tienes una tabla resumen con los plazos más habituales en 2026:

Tipo de bajaPreaviso legal (días)Equivalencia en semanasNotas
Despido objetivo152Obligatorio salvo causa mayor
Despido disciplinario00Sin preaviso
Despido colectivo304Más período de consultas
Baja voluntaria15 (general)2Puede variar por convenio
Fin de contrato temporal00Salvo pacto en contrario

En mi experiencia, lo más común es que el empleado reciba 2 semanas de preaviso en casi todos los casos, excepto en los disciplinarios. Pero siempre recomiendo revisar el convenio colectivo del sector, porque puede establecer plazos más largos (por ejemplo, 30 días para cualquier tipo de baja). Además, si el empleado tiene más de un año de antigüedad, en algunos supuestos de despido objetivo la indemnización se calcula con 20 días por año, pero el preaviso sigue siendo de 15 días.

En resumen, la respuesta directa a tu pregunta es: para la mayoría de las bajas, el plazo es de 2 semanas (15 días), pero hay excepciones importantes que debes conocer.

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RuthFitz
18/08/2026, 13:49:58

Cuando a mí me despidieron el año pasado, mi jefe me dijo que tenía 15 días para terminar mis tareas y entregar el material. Fueron exactamente dos semanas y me pagaron los días trabajados hasta el último día. En mi sector (hostelería) el convenio no amplía ese plazo, así que fue justo lo que marca la ley. Me pareció un tiempo razonable para buscar otro trabajo, aunque la incertidumbre fue dura. Lo que no sabía es que si el despido es disciplinario, te pueden echar de un día para otro sin aviso. Menos mal que no fue mi caso

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